Mengapa Kerja Sama Trilateral Gagal Membendung ISIS: Analisis Teori Kompleks Keamanan Regional
Why Trilateral Cooperation Failed to Curb ISIS: A Regional Security Complex Theory Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33019/jpi.v7i2.377Kata Kunci:
Ekspansi ISIS, Kerja Sama Keamanan Trilateral, Kompleks Keamanan Regional, Laut Sulu-SulawesiAbstrak
Penelitian ini menjelaskan mengapa kerja sama trilateral Indonesia–Malaysia–Filipina gagal menangani ancaman keamanan regional di Laut Sulu–Sulawesi. Posisi strategis kawasan tersebut telah dimanfaatkan oleh jaringan ISIS untuk memperluas pengaruh dan operasi mereka di Asia Tenggara, sehingga memperburuk tantangan keamanan di wilayah tiga perbatasan. Sebagai respons, ketiga negara membentuk kerja sama trilateral sebagai mekanisme untuk menekan aktivitas ISIS. Namun, perkembangan empiris menunjukkan bahwa operasi ISIS justru terus meningkat meskipun inisiatif tersebut telah dijalankan. Berlandaskan Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) dan menggunakan metode kualitatif deduktif, temuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi tiga faktor yang saling berkaitan yang menjelaskan kegagalan TCA dalam membendung ekspansi ISIS pada 2017–2019. Pertama, kedekatan geografis dan lemahnya pengawasan perbatasan maritim di Laut Sulu–Sulawesi memfasilitasi pergerakan foreign terrorist fighters, senjata, dan aliran dana, sehingga menciptakan kerentanan bersama yang tidak dikelola secara kolektif. Kedua, ketidakpercayaan antarnegeri, sensitivitas kedaulatan, dan perbedaan persepsi ancaman menghambat institusionalisasi mekanisme terkoordinasi seperti Joint Maritime Patrols, sehingga mencegah terbentuknya operasi yang kohesif. Ketiga, keterlibatan eksternal yang terbatas dan asimetris—khususnya dari Amerika Serikat—lebih menekankan dukungan teknis daripada penanganan akar permasalahan, yang pada akhirnya melemahkan otonomi dan koherensi respons regional.
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